Noah Feldman

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. Is it lawful to deport immigrants who commit “aggravated felonies”? Or is that language unconstitutionally vague? The U.S. Supreme Court considered the question Tuesday, in a case that’s proof of De Tocqueville’s dictum, “There is hardly a political question in the United States which does not sooner or later turn into a judicial one." Although the legal issues are subtle, the atmospherics of the case are all about Donald Trump’s warnings of “bad hombres” illegally entering the U.S.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. The federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects people 40 and older. But is it ageism to discriminate against people over 50 compared with those in the 40-to-50 bracket? A federal appeals court has said yes -- but because several other circuit courts have said no, the case is very likely to go to the U.S. Supreme Court in the near future. The issue raises questions about how discrimination should be measured when it might exist along a continuum.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. Muslim girls can be required to participate in swimming classes alongside boys despite their parents’ religious objections, according to the European Court of Human Rights. The outcome would have been the opposite in most U.S. jurisdictions, which have emphasized students’ rights ever since Jehovah’s Witnesses were exempted from the Pledge of Allegiance during World War II. The decision made this week marks the very different situation in contemporary Europe, where children’s interests are contrasted with their parents’ rights, and the schools’ goal of “integration” is getting special weight amid a wave of Muslim immigration.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. The world's most dangerous flashpoint got much more dangerous Thursday when China sent its lone aircraft carrier into the Taiwan Strait and Taiwan scrambled fighter jets in response. This is how accidental wars start: provocation and counterprovocation in an environment with too much uncertainty. The uncertainty arises from not knowing the Donald Trump administration’s answer to a pressing foreign policy question: Would the U.S. defend Taiwan from a Chinese attack?

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. The U.S. Supreme Court took up this challenging policy question Wednesday: How much is a school district obligated to educate a disabled child? The justices will have to choose from a smorgasbord of options offered by the lower courts, the Department of Justice, and the parents and schools in the case. The choices range from just a little more than nothing to the same level of education available to other kids. The outcome will have major consequences for tens of thousands of students -- and for the schools where they study.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. In New York and nine other states, merchants are barred from charging credit-card purchasers a surcharge, but are allowed to offer discounts for paying in cash. The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday took up the fascinating question of whether this requirement violates the merchants’ freedom of speech. It’s a juicy constitutional question: Are prices subject to the First Amendment at all? And it sweetens the pot with an intellectual problem in law and economics: Given that we know customers react differently to surcharges and discounts, even when they’re economically equivalent, should the state be allowed to ban one and require the other?

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. U.S. law can reach American sex offenders abroad so long as they haven’t resettled in another country, according to a federal appeals court. The decision, issued last week, extends U.S. law beyond its borders through an expansive interpretation of Congress’s authority under the Constitution’s commerce clause. It bucks the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent trend of limiting laws’ reach abroad, at least in part because of the powerful desire to condemn sex with minors. But as a precedent, the decision will apply to other, more ordinary crimes committed by Americans abroad, with potentially troubling consequences.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. A unanimous U.S. Supreme Court on Monday decided a police immunity case that sounds small but carries a larger significance. The narrow holding was that a police officer who arrived late at the scene of a confrontation and then shot and killed the suspect without having heard other officers issue a warning is protected from a lawsuit. What really mattered was the reasoning: The court said the officer couldn’t be sued because there was no case on the books finding an officer liable under the exact same circumstances. This decision makes it much harder to sue the police, because almost all confrontations have unique features that could be used to block lawsuits. In essence, the court is signaling that it wants fewer suits against officers in the lower courts, and is chiding the appellate courts for allowing such suits.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. India’s constitutional democracy has always struggled to tame the country’s religious and caste divisions, especially during elections. The Supreme Court of India has now issued an important ruling that makes things worse, not better. On the surface, the court struck a blow for religious neutrality, holding that referring to religion or caste in a race for office will disqualify the results. In reality, the decision delivered a gift to the ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party at the expense of India's minority faiths and castes. That’s especially worrisome in our present historical moment, when nationalist parties are challenging free democratic speech around the world.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. Senate Republicans changed the rules of the U.S. Supreme Court confirmation game by blocking President Barack Obama’s nominee, Merrick Garland, after the death of Justice Antonin Scalia. Now it’s the Democrats’ turn to make the next move. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer has signaled that the Democrats will filibuster almost any nominee proposed by Donald Trump. Although the Republicans could break the filibuster by invoking the so-called nuclear option, it isn’t certain that they will be able to do so. That would leave the court with eight members for the foreseeable future -- and potentially create circumstances where vacancies can only be filled when the president and 60 senators come from the same party.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman: In a major blow to civil liberties, an appeals court has upheld the Minnesota system that civilly commits sex offenders after they’ve served their prison terms, a confinement from which no one has ever been fully released. The decision, filed Tuesday, used the wrong legal standard, making it too easy for the state to lock people up indefinitely for future dangerousness. Worse, the U.S. Supreme Court might not review the decision, despite its being egregiously wrong, because there is no clear disagreement among the circuit courts.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. The stealth Republican move Monday night to weaken the ethics oversight office in the House of Representatives is a good reminder that the U.S. Constitution provides only limited protections when a single party rules. But the swift rollback of the plan on Tuesday is also a good reminder that the Constitution does have an oversight mechanism built in: the press. When one party controls the legislature and presidency, the “Fourth Estate” isn’t just a metaphor. It’s a necessity for functioning free government.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. If there were to be a legal man of the year for 2016, it would have to be Antonin Scalia. The justice died in February and has cast a long shadow over the whole year. His seat remains unfilled. His jurisprudence seems likely to be the touchstone for Donald Trump’s nominee. Indeed, if Trump gets two or more Supreme Court picks, Scalia’s judicial legacy stands a chance of being vindicated rather than forgotten -- which seemed almost unthinkable when he died. Scalia’s legacy is therefore poised to set the tone for future constitutional battles in a way not seen since the 1935 death of Oliver Wendell Holmes, another great dissenter.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. This became the year of the obscure, unlitigated constitutional clause. The First and 14th Amendments usually hog all the glory, and each did get a few big moments over the last year. But much more important were ignored and unheralded provisions like the "advice and consent" clause, the Electoral College clauses, and most improbably, the emoluments clause, which since the election has featured prominently as one of the only defenses against conflicts of interest in the Trump White House.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. The story of the Supreme Court in 2016 can be summarized in a statistic: It’s been 311 days since Justice Antonin Scalia died on Feb. 13, and his seat remains unfilled. That’s not the longest Supreme Court vacancy in the modern era, but it’s about to enter second place -- and it will become the longest if Donald Trump’s nominee isn’t confirmed before the end of March. This striking fact will be front and center when the history of the court in 2016 is written. But what really matters isn’t the length of the vacancy. It’s the election in the middle of it. The Republican Senate changed the rules of confirmation drastically by refusing even to consider Judge Merrick Garland’s nomination. And against the odds, it paid off for them...More recently, the confirmation process for Robert Bork in 1987 had epochal consequences. For the first time, judicial philosophy was the focus. No one disputed Bork’s intelligence or qualifications. Instead liberals, including law professors like my colleague Laurence Tribe, criticized Bork’s conservatism as opposition to fundamental rights...As it turned out, that also meant that Tribe’s generational successor in that role, Cass Sunstein...also had little chance of being nominated, despite being much more centrist than Tribe and just as qualified in his own right. The rules of the game had changed.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. The fall of Aleppo at the close of 2016 signals an especially depressing future for the civil war, the region, and the vast number of refugees within Syria and beyond. For all practical purposes, the end of this battle means that the Syrian dictatorship has, with Russian help, won its war for survival. However, there is no clear path for the Assad regime to wipe out the last of the rebels.So fighting will continue, and a rump Syrian Sunni statelet will persist. And because displaced Sunnis will remain deeply wary of going home to places now controlled by the hostile regime, the long war's refugee problem may become permanent. That's no small matter. In scope it dwarfs the Palestinian refugee crises of 1948 or 1967.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. As things stand, Comet Ping Pong, the Washington restaurant falsely smeared as a hub for child sex trafficking in the Pizzagate mess, doesn’t have much in the way of a legal remedy. It could sue the anonymous conspiracy theory purveyors for libel, but even if it can find them, they probably don’t have any money to recover, and the damage to the restaurant’s reputation is already done. In Europe, however, things might be different. The European Union recognizes a “right to be forgotten” on the internet, which under some conditions allows posts to be removed or blocked from search engines. Extending that kind of right to the American victims of demonstrably false news stories might actually help victims like Comet Ping Pong, who’ve been tagged with a falsehood that otherwise just won’t go away.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. One of the most remarkable things about voting where I do, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is that no one asks you for identification: Who you are is based on trust. But that charming civic experience may not be long for this world. Although several voter ID provisions were struck down before the 2016 election, an appeals court has now upheld Virginia’s law -- and in essence provided a road map for how states can require ID without violating the Voting Rights Act or the Constitution.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. The Cherokee Nation, one of the largest registered Native American tribes in the U.S., has officially decided to recognize same-sex marriage. The tribe, as a separate sovereign, isn’t bound by the U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark 2015 gay-marriage decision, Obergefell v. Hodges. But its judgment relies in part on evidence of historical recognition of same-sex relationships among Cherokees -- a basis for contemporary gay rights that is different from, and in some ways deeper than, the equality and dignity rationales that the Supreme Court used.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. If Russia really tried to throw the U.S. election to Donald Trump, what then? Did the hacking violate international law? And if so, what can the U.S. do to retaliate? The short answer is that trying to change the outcome of another country’s election does violate a well-recognized principle of international law, and the U.S. would be legally justified in taking “proportionate countermeasures.” But, in a painful twist, the best precedent comes from a 1986 case the U.S. lost and never accepted.

An op-ed by Noah Feldman. Last week, the Ohio legislature passed a law banning abortion after the first fetal heartbeat can be heard. Texas enacted rules requiring that aborted fetuses be buried or cremated. And in Louisiana, a private trust purporting to act on behalf of 5-day-old frozen embryos sued the actress Sofia Vergara demanding that they be implanted in a uterus so they could be born. All three developments are legally questionable, to say the least. The Ohio bill is clearly unconstitutional, the Texas law may be, and the Louisiana lawsuit would cause upheaval in the assisted reproduction community should it succeed. Yet all three signal the durability of the idea that the unborn have legal rights -- a position the U.S. Supreme Court has never adopted.