Sentencing & Punishment

Emma Kaufman & Samuel Weiss, The Limits of Punishment, in Extreme Punishment (Keramet Reiter & Alexa Koenig eds., 2015).

Alexandra Natapoff, Criminal Misdemeanor Theory and Practice, in Oxford Handbook Topics in Law (2016).

Randall L. Kennedy, Racial Trends in the Administration of Criminal Justice, in America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, vol. II (Neil J. Smelser, William…

Cass R. Sunstein, Moral Heuristics, 28 Behav. & Brain Sci. 531 (2005).

Alexandra Natapoff, Misdemeanors, 11 Ann. Rev. L. & Soc. Sci. 255 (2015).

Alexandra Natapoff, Misdemeanor Decriminalization, 68 Vand. L. Rev. 1055 (2015).

A. Mitchell Polinsky & Steven Shavell, On Offense History and the Theory of Deterrence, 18 Int’l Rev. L. & Econ. 305 (1998).

John C.P. Goldberg, Rights and Wrongs, 97 Mich. L. Rev. 1828 (1999) (reviewing Arthur Ripstein, Equality, Responsibility, and the Law (1999)).

Alexandra Natapoff, Misdemeanor Declination: A Theory of Internal Separation of Powers, 102 Texas L. Rev. 937 (2024).

Cass R. Sunstein, Daniel Kahneman, David Schkade & Ilana Ritov, Predictably Incoherent Judgments, 54 Stan. L. Rev. 1153 (2002).

Carol S. Steiker, Criminalization and the Criminal Process: Prudential Mercy as a Limit on Penal Sanctions in an Era of Mass Incarceration, in The Boundaries…

Carol S. Steiker & Jordan M. Steiker, Graham Lets the Sun Shine In: The Supreme Court Opens a Window between the Formerly Walled-Off Approaches to…

Carol S. Steiker, Lessons from Two Failures: Sentencing for Cocaine and Child Pornography under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines in the United States, 76 Law &…

Carol S. Steiker, Justice vs. Mercy in the Law of Homicide: The Contest between Rule-of-Law Values and Discretionary Leniency from Common Law to Codification to…

Carol S. Steiker & Jordan M. Steiker, The Death Penalty and Mass Incarceration: Convergences and Divergences Mass Incarceration and the Death Penalty, 41 American Journal…

Andrew Manuel Crespo & John Rappaport, Criminal Law and the American Penal System (2025).

Holger Spamann, Are Sleepy Punishers Really Harsh Punishers? Comment on Cho, Barnes, and Guanara (2017), 29 Psychol. Sci. 1006 (2018).

Emma Harrington, William Murdock, III, & Hannah Shaffer, Prediction Errors, Incarceration, and Violent Crime, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy (forthcoming).