Abstract: It is an exciting time to be in reproductive health research. Building on decades of research and new technologies, the opportunities for human reproductive medicine have never been greater. However, reproductive health is a field with additional debates that go beyond research and medicine. To complement the scientific articles in this special issue, Trends in Molecular Medicine discussed ethical questions and societal implications with Eli Y. Adashi, Professor of Medical Science at Brown University (left), and I. Glenn Cohen, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School (right), and talked about the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for reproductive health research and medicine.