Abstract: Rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI) promise improved diagnosis and care for patients, but raise ethical issues. Over 6 months, in consultation with the American Academy of Ophthalmology Committee on Artificial Intelligence, we analyzed potential ethical concerns, with a focus on applications of AI in ophthalmology that are deployed or will be deployed in the near future. We identified 3 pressing issues: (1) transparency, paradigmatically through the explanation or interpretation of AI models; (2) attribution of responsibility issues for particular harms arising from the use or misuse of AI; and (3) scalability of use cases and screening infrastructure.