Abstract: Anticorruption agencies (ACAs), and other bodies entrusted with investigating or prosecuting high-level government corruption, face a daunting task: They must faithfully discharge their anticorruption functions in the near term, but at the same time they must protect, entrench, and strengthen their institutions so that they can carry out these anticorruption functions effectively over the longer term. These objectives are sometimes complementary, but there can often be significant tensions between them. This essay considers some of the strategic challenges that ACA leaders must confront, taking the institutional rules and the agency’s structure, resources, and capacity as exogenous constraints. While such leaders face many strategic challenges, we focus on two. The first concerns case selection strategy. How do (or should) ACAs decide which cases to pursue or prioritize? The second issue concerns communications strategy. How do (or should) ACAs engage with various constituencies—such as politicians, media organizations, activists, international bodies, and the general public—about the ACA’s work? This essay explores these questions, drawing on both existing scholarship and on several in-depth interviews with current and former senior officials from ACAs or comparable bodies.