Abstract: The farm bill is a wide-ranging, omnibus legislative endeavor that Congress undertakes every five years. It is the primary vehicle for changing federal food and agriculture policy and addresses issues including agricultural support programs, conservation, nutrition, and much more. Each new farm bill presents a unique occasion to promote a healthy agricultural sector and offer support to producers, particularly small and mid-sized farms. Small and mid-sized farms undergird a robust and sustainable agricultural economy and contribute significantly to the economic vitality of rural communities. However, the number of these farms has declined over the past few decades, and the principal operators of smaller farms can rarely earn a living from farming alone. Structural changes in U.S. agriculture have shifted the benefits of farm bill programs toward fewer, larger operations. The consolidation of agricultural production, wealth, land, and federal support has handicapped smaller farms. In response to these trends, recent farm bills have made modest investments to enhance the viability of small and mid-sized farms. Now, more drastic changes are required. The next farm bill should accelerate progress by addressing the barriers impeding a more diverse and robust rural economy. This Report outlines Goals and Recommendations, including specific Legislative and Administrative Opportunities for change, tailored to advancing these objectives in the 2023 Farm Bill.